The article is devoted to the comparison and analysis of the national innovation systems (NIS) of Taiwan and the Russian Federation. The main indicators of economic, scientific, technical and innovative development in the pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis periods are considered. To assess innovation systems, six main functions of NIS institutions are considered and analyzed: the formation of scientific, technical and innovation policies, R&D, R&D funding, promotion of human capital development, technological ties and the promotion of technological entrepreneurship. The interaction of NIS institutions was also considered, namely: cooperation in R&D, informal interaction, technology diffusion and staff mobility.
Based on the analysis of the NIS, conclusions are proposed that emphasize the prospects for joint cooperation in the scientific, technical, educational, innovative and economic development of the Russian Federation and Taiwan.
Key words: innovation system; Russian Federation; Taiwan; institute; Research and development; science and technology; cooperation.
Introduction
The recently published OECD Survey [1] provides an analysis of the current level of national innovation activity and the determination of the global investment rating of Russia in comparison with other countries.
The materials from the Russian side were based on the basic report of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, as well as the results of regional studies in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tomsk, and the Republic of Tatarstan.
Already in previous years, an understanding of the need for Russia's transition to sustainable growth based on investment and innovation began to form, and the global financial and economic crisis exacerbated these issues, putting the tasks of modernization and innovative development of the Russian economy to the fore.
As noted in the review, the Russian innovation system demonstrates strong distinctive features. "Some of them are not disadvantages, rather they form the basis for knowledge-based competitive advantages that could be better exploited if other more problematic features were eliminated through the adoption and adaptation of best practices."
The experience of Taiwan, which has demonstrated one of the most effective models of transition to an innovative economy, can be very important and useful for Russia.
At one time, Taiwan itself, taking as a basis the innovation development model in the United States, adapted it to local conditions and further developed it thanks to an effective state scientific, technical and innovation policy. This made it possible today to make the task of turning the island into one of the world's leading centers of innovation a real challenge.